What is Intellectual disability

Hi everyone my name is Saira and today i'm talking about What is Intellectual Disability?

 In the areas of child development and intellectual and developmental disabilities intellectual disability as a complex disability with many dimensions that affects approximately one to two percent of the world's population and it has a range of causes historically people with an intellectual disability had been the most stigmatized and marginalized of all people with disabilities and this has reflected a negative terms and name changes, used in the past to describe this disability in recent years we have seen an era emerge in which we understand intellectual disability from an ethically improved and Human Rights perspective this new perspective has directed our understanding and approach.

To the conditions many dimensions the 

term intellectual disability is likely to be modified in the next few years, intellectual developmental disorder but for now we will use the term intellectual disability. 

The person living with an intellectual disability 

has an impairment in intelligence or 

cognition that he or she experiences as 

a significant difficulty in understanding new and complex information and in learning to apply new skills in turn this effects the person's abilities to cope independently in the full range of activities of daily living.

Describing the characteristics of 

intellectual disability 

The three functional domains that are 

universally accepted to be impacted on person living with an intellectual disability. 

1) Conceptual intelligence or cognitive domain if

 the person has a difficulty but thinking and reasoning skills relative to their family and peers for examples, conceptual skills are learning remembering and using new information in educational and other life settings.Thinking ability and reasoning skills are clearly related to the person's age especially in childhood and as we move from the early years of childhood. Learning to understand abstract information is more difficult for a person with an intellectual disability than acquiring and using basic information.

2)

 Social communication and interpersonal skills  the ability to express oneself in a social setting and to communicate needs likes and dislikes and to engage productively in social experiences with others it involves understanding the meaning of other people's communication and their social interactions with the person and also of their social intentions. 

3) Practical 

abilities  the skills to care for themselves such as daily self-care making a phone call or using money. Adaptive functioning is the ability to adapt to the needs of daily living like all people those with intellectual disability have strengths and weaknesses of their abilities, for example a person with an intellectual disability may have good interpersonal social skills but may have difficulties with for example using public transport. 

Causes of intellectual disability 

many of those causes are due to multiple factors that may also interact with each other so that each person with an intellectual disability.

 Biomedical causes that 

are related to the biology or the health of a person and the causes the time of onset of an intellectual disability can be before birth for example in genetic or other health conditions or other before birth causes include problems of brain growth and development illness and  such as infectious diseases and exposure to toxins by the baby such as alcohol birth related causes may include complications of the delivery process itself that injure the developing child's brain and also a cause is premature birth and complications due to the babies of maturity later childhood causes may be head injuries from trauma and illnesses or infections that affect brain growth and development under nutrition and seizures.

Environmental factors have a very 

significant effect on a child's brain development and factors such as negative Psycho social influences living in poverty social deprivation and lack of environmental stimulation and learning opportunities may all contribute to the development of an intellectual disability in low and middle income settings there's a higher rate of preventable causes that are influenced by environmental and Socio-economic factors and that prevent optimal child development most children and adults affected in this way have mild forms of intellectual disability they're not caused by genetic and health conditions because individuals with intellectual disability have a wide range of individual needs.

Levels of intellectual 

disability :- 

 Mild intellectual 

disability  for most of the population with intellectual disability the person's early developmental milestones are attained slower than those of typically developing children children and adults are able to learn to read and master computer skills on a comparative level of say learners of nine to 11 years, they're learning support needs can be supported in classrooms with some curriculum adjustment and with typical social settings being placed as adults people with mild intellectual disability are able to gain employment in the open labor market but may need specific or intermittent support children and adults.

 Moderate intellectual disability 

are also slower in reaching their development and learning masters and their typically developing peers their ability to read and learn and think logically is impaired but they attain adequate communication and adaptive skills they require varying levels of support and adaptation and education settings and in living and working in the community in children and adults.

 Severe intellectual disability 

every aspect of development is distinctly delayed from the early years they may have significant difficulties in communication and adaptive function and the support needs and daily function and learning are high and they may also have specialized needs they may also have additional forms of disability including vision hearing health and physical disabilities which impact on their learning needs they require continuous support at school and in the community a minority of peoples.

 Profound  intellectual disability The  

children and adults require extensive support for all activities of daily living and may have reduced and even no verbal communication their learning needs may focus on communicating and expressing needs and emotions as with those with severe intellectual disability coexistence but other disabilities is common a diagnosis of intellectual disability may be necessary to access appropriate care and support however the process of labeling may be uncomfortable.

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